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Judith Butler (Cleveland (Ohio), 24 de febrero de 1956) es profesora del Departamento de ret\u00f3rica y literatura comparada de la Universidad de California, Berkeley. Butler es una destacada pensadora feminista y lesbiana. Una de las contribuciones m\u00e1s destacadas es su teor\u00eda sobre la performatividad del sexo y la sexualidad. Conocido es que el constructivismo nos habla de la construcci\u00f3n del g\u00e9nero, o lo que es lo mismo, que los roles de g\u00e9nero son hechos sociales y no roles naturales. Pero Butler sobrepasa el g\u00e9nero y afirma que el sexo y la sexualidad, lejos de ser algo natural, son, como el g\u00e9nero, algo construido.<\/p>\n
Butler llega a esta conclusi\u00f3n bas\u00e1ndose en las teor\u00edas de Freud y Lacan. De este \u00faltimo, saca el concepto de aquellas posiciones sexuales que suponen un trauma ocuparlas. Ante el miedo a ocupar alguna de estas, el individuo se coloca en una heterosexualidad faloc\u00e9ntrica, es decir, una heterosexualidad regida por la normativa del imperialismo heterosexual masculino en que asumir la sexualidad heterosexual implica asumir un sexo determinado.<\/p>\n
Adem\u00e1s de Freud y Lacan, Butler tiene influencias de Foucault y Derrida. De Foucault, extrae el concepto de poder sin sujeto y que se concreta en el poder que tiene el discurso o el lenguaje para crear. Pero este discurso es un discurso sin sujeto, en el que el individuo no tiene palabras propias, sino que es el discurso mismo el que vehicular los valores y las normas; en este caso, del imperialismo heterosexual. De en Derrida, asume el concepto de deconstrucci\u00f3n que ella expresa como resignificaci\u00f3n del discurso, es decir, el hecho de resignificar las palabras. Un ejemplo de esta resignificaci\u00f3n es la palabra queer, que pasa de ser un insulto a considerarse la expresi\u00f3n de un movimiento de liberaci\u00f3n y dignidad homosexual.<\/p>\n
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